Virtual museum of Russian aggression.

Virtual museum of Russian aggression.

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Right to a home

The Useinov family once lived near the city of Sudak, on the picturesque southeastern coast of Crimea. In 1944, the family, like hundreds of thousands of other Crimean Tatars, was forcibly deported from the village of Ai-Serez (Mizhrichchia). However, they did not come to terms with this crime of the Soviet system. They were one of the first families to return to Crimea in 1968.

The Soviet authorities forbade them from occupying the lands that had belonged to their ancestors. People from another region of the USSR moved into their old house. Yet, the Useinovs remained in Crimea, although they resided in its eastern part.

Rustem was born when the Useinov family was still in deportation and spent his childhood in Uzbekistan in the 1950s and 1960s. Back in the Soviet years, Rustem Useinov joined the Crimean Tatar national movement, stood up for giving the Crimean Tatars the opportunity to return home. After Ukraine gained independence, he supported public events of the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar people


For a long time, Rustem did not abandon hope of rebuilding life in the land of his ancestors. At last, he and several other Crimean Tatar families were able to construct their own houses in the village of Morske of the Sudak City Council. However, this land remained in municipal ownership. Rustem Useinov lived in his house for 19 years. Since 2002, he tried to legalize the land plot. The Russian occupation literally destroyed this intention. 


Home under occupation

After the seizure of Crimea by the Russians, Rustem stood up for the Crimean Tatars, who were illegally detained and arrested. He often attended political trials against Crimean Tatar activists; in particular, he acted in support of Mustafa Dzhemilev and Nariman Dzhelal. The man joined the «Council of Elders of the Sudak Region». He also participated in the activities of «Crimean Solidarity». In 2018, Russian security forces tried to intimidate the man, handed him a warning about the «inadmissibility of unauthorized mass gatherings». However, he did not stop fighting for the rights of his people. 


Since 2014, the occupation authorities have been putting pressure on Rustem Useinov to move out of the house. On October 20, 2020, the so-called administration of the city of Sudak filed a complaint with the illegal Sudak City Court regarding the «vacation of an arbitrarily occupied land plot». On June 29, 2021, the so-called «court» issued a decision «on satisfying the claims of the administration». Rustem Useinov was ordered to vacate the «arbitrarily occupied» land plot by demolishing the buildings located on it with his own hands. In case he did not do that, the decision provided for forced demolition.

The decision states that Rustem Useinov was allegedly notified about all three «trials» that were held in the land plot case. However, he did not receive any letters at his place of residence. According to the man, the occupation administration deliberately sent messages to his old address, where he had not lived for 20 years. 

Rustem appealed this decision to the so-called «Supreme Court of the Republic of Crimea». However, the house was already ordered to be demolished even before the decision on appeal was adopted. This contradicted even the Russian legislation.


They secretly filed a lawsuit, apparently they had an agreement with the judge. ... I think that someone has his eye on this land, perhaps this plot has already been sold, which corresponds to the Russian reality

Edem Dudakov, Crimean Tatar activist, interview with Krym.Realii

Fevzi Dzhyrikov, an activist and friend of Rustem, is sure that thereby the Russian Federation also punishes all dissenting Crimean Tatars who have their own opinion.

Demolition of the house

On August 3, 2021, the illegal decision of the «Sudak City Court» takes effect. Bailiff Nataliya Pugacheva schedules enforcement of the court decision on November 24, 2021. The fact that the decision of the appellate court has not yet been adopted does not stop occupation administration.


In the morning, bailiffs as well as a large group of Russian policemen, OMON troops, and occupation officials gather near the house of Rustem Useinov; construction equipment approaches. Many activists come to support Mr. Rustem. They are surrounded by security forces and forbidden from filming. None of the people are allowed on the territory of the yard.

Rustem returns from the hospital on this exact day. The day before, he fell ill with pneumonia. His request to postpone the demolition is ignored.

Russian special forces break into the house and conduct an inventory of the property. Employees of Krymenerho turn off the electricity. Workers begin to demolish the house. Rustem feels worse and worse, he is taken away in an ambulance. 


Demolition continues. The occupiers destroy the man's house and all other buildings on the land plot. They trample down the garden, damage the apiary, vineyard, and scare domestic animals. Most of the things from the house were taken away by the Russian security forces, some of them remain under the rubble.

P.S.

Rustem Useinov was ordered to pay for the demolition of the house himself. The amount was more than 42 thousand rubles (about 570 dollars). This money was deducted from his pension payments. The man was supported by activists who raised an even larger amount. They also provided temporary shelter to Rustem. He had spent the winter at his friends’, but already in the spring, as soon as he felt better, he returned to the land where his house used to be located. He still lives there, in a tent, with almost no belongings.

Useinov does not plan to dispute the demolition of the building. In his opinion, this would mean the recognition of Russian power in Crimea.

Rustem Useinov is not the only one who was deprived of property in Crimea by the occupation authorities. Numerous evidences were collected that attest to the systematic nature of this policy of the Russian occupation authorities. For this purpose, the so-called «Crimean authorities» use various methods, including the direct destruction of such property, due to the alleged illegality of its construction. According to the data of the NGO RCHR, as of June 2021, 3,984 people had been identified as victims of the seizure and destruction of real estate by the occupation authorities. Violations of property rights and confiscation of real estate in Crimea were harshly condemned by the international community. In particular, the violations were mentioned in the resolutions of the UN General Assembly, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, and the European Parliament.

On March 20, 2020, the President of the Russian Federation adopted Decree No. 201 «On Amendments to the List of Border Territories Where Foreign Citizens, Stateless Persons, and Foreign Legal Entities Cannot Own Land Plots», according to which almost the entire territory of the peninsula is illegally classified as the so-called «border territory of the Russian Federation», where the citizens of Ukraine are prohibited from owning land plots. This significantly worsened the situation with the protection of property rights in the temporarily occupied peninsula.

With the start of a full-scale invasion in 2022, violations of property rights in the temporarily occupied territories became widespread. Such violations, in particular, were recorded in the reports of the OSCE Moscow Mechanism and the Interim Report of the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) of the OSCE. In the occupied territories of the Luhansk region, the Russians form «registries of maneuverable housing inventory», which include apartments without the documentation that confirms ownership. In the occupied territories of the Kherson and Zaporizhzhia regions, Russian soldiers settle in apartments and houses that were left by the owners. 

Such actions of the Russian occupation authorities could be qualified as war crimes.

Published on 2023-01-31

Korniienko Kseniia

Regional Center for Human Rights

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